LAD program
editor
New
program
In
order to create a program in LAD language, select File > New
> LAD from the Menu after starting PC Need
program.
Fig. 1. New LAD project.
Selection is confirmed by pressing Enter
or clicking the left mouse button.
LAD editor window will be opened in the
workspace.
Fig. 2. LAD Editor – new program.
Window size can be adjusted according to the
requirements and preferences using mouse.
By using the standard window control
buttons 
the LAD editor window can be maximized, minimized or closed
(x).
Saving a program
Since a newly opened program has no name (No name
(LAD)) it must be saved under an appropriate name. To do so go
to File menu and select Save As option.
Fig. 3. „Save As” window.
Clicking the left mouse button opens the
Save file window.
Fig. 4. LAD „Save file” window.
Select file location (access path),
here:
Save in:
Need;
File name: enter e.g.
Program1;
Save as type: LAD (default file name
extension – .ldn)
and confirm the operating by
clicking Save button.
Opening an existing
program
In order to open an
existing document go to File menu and select Open. A
standard file manager window is opened (see above). Select the file
with “*.ldn” extension.
A
similar result can be achieved by clicking 
in the toolbar or using a
keyboard shortcut Ctrl+O.
Program
edition
Create a new LAD program from File menu (see Fig.1)
and name it e.g.. Program1.ldn (see Fig. 2). Adjust the
window size to obtain a LAD editor window
Fig. 5. LAD Editor
window.
Workspace is a grid based on squares, locations of which
are determined by column letters A...G and row numbers
001...150.
Input objects of the
program (physical inputs, states of outputs, Markers, Timers,
Counters, Clocks, Comparators) or connections are inserted in
columns A, C, E.
Connections between
objects are inserted in columns B, D, F.
Column G is intended for inserting output objects
(physical outputs, Markers, Timers, Counters).
Drawing a connection
diagram
Use the mouse to move the cursor over square grid cells
inside the LAD editor window; the cell currently selected is marked
with a grey border. Additionally, cell coordinates (row, column)
are indicated in the left-hand bottom corner of the status bar. A
cell is selected by placing the cursor over it and clicking the
left mouse button. Once the cell is selected (marked) use the left
mouse button to select object or connection (depending on the
current column) from the drop-down menu. Symbols used are in
accordance with LAD language
description.
Inserting
an input object
Right-clicking inside
the column A, C or E (cell 001 A in the example below) causes a
drop-down menu to open – see Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Inserting an input
object.
Left-click or press Enter to confirm the
selection.
Inserting
an output object
Right-clicking inside the column G (cell 001 G in the
example below) causes a drop-down menu to open – see Fig.
7.
Fig. 7. Inserting an output object.
Left-click or press Enter to confirm the
selection.
Deleting an
object
An object can also be
deleted. To this end select (mark) a cell where the object is
located, select (highlight) Delete from the drop-down menu
(right-click menu). Once the command is left-clicked the object
will be deleted.
Inserting a connection
Fig. 8. Inserting a connection.
Once the connection cell is selected and the right mouse
button is clicked the currently available connections are displayed
in the drop-down menu. in addition to the graphic symbol an
abbreviated direction symbol is provided which is a combination of
letters S,W, N, E.
S – South
(down)
W – West
(left)
N – North
(up)
E – East
(right)
It is also possible
to delete a connection. To this end select (mark) a cell where the
connection is located, select (highlight) Delete from the
drop-down menu (right-click menu). Once the command is left-clicked
the object will be deleted.
Area
Edition
The PC Need Program allows for
the LAD project edition via removal, transfer, copying of the
marked area. The area to be copied is a rectangle based on squares
of the link grid.
The area is highlighted with the left key of the mouse while the
right key of the mouse opens the scrollable menu with option
selection.
Fig.
9. Line highlighting and option selection
- Cut– The
highlighted (darker background) line or area may be moved to
another location with the use of the Cut option and, then
indicating the initial left square of the grid of the destination,
and Paste operation.
-
Copy – The
highlighted area may be copied to another location with the use of
the Copy option, and, then indicating the initial left square of
the grid of the destination, and Paste operation.
- Clear–we may clear
the highlighted area to obtain an empty grid.
- Delete a
line– the highlighted line will be deleted.
- Insert line –
an empty line will be inserted in the highlighted
place.
Edition of
an object
Each object located in the diagram (connection grid) is
editable. It is possible to change parameters, type and number of
input, output, contact type.
Object configuration
Double-clicking of
the left mouse button on the element located in the diagram calls
the Object configuration window.
Fields available for
change depend on the object type.
Input element:
Fig. 10. Object configuration
window.
Fig. 10. presents Object
configuration for input I (physical input). Windows of other
input types (A, H, Q, M, T, C) look similar. The number selection
for a specific input type depends on the relay resources e.g. the
numbers available for I are 1..8, with 1..16 being available for M.
Contact type (NO or NC) can be selected for each
input.
The Function field is disabled for the inputs, as the field
is used only for output objects.
Object configuration for Q
output and M Marker
Number of output (1..4 or 1..16 if M was selected) and the
function available depending on the output type, can be selected.
For Q output and M Marker they are the following operands: =, S, R,
FP.
Fig. 11. „Object configuration – output”
window.
The contact selection field is disabled for
outputs in the Object configuration window while the Function field
is enabled.
Object configuration for Timer
output
The following parameters: number 1..8 and operands: SD, SF,
SE, SL, R can be selected for the Timer (T)
output.
Fig. 12. „Object configuration – Timer”
window.
If the option Use “L” – Pot is selected
the clock multiplier and the value set by the potentiometer are
used for counting by the Timer. According to the example below, for
the multiplier x1 the value to be counted can be set within the
range 1s...255s ((1-255)x1s).
If the option Use “L” – AI7 or AI8 is selected
the clock multiplier and the value read from the I7 (or I8 for AI8)
analogue input are used for counting by the Timer. Values read from
the analogue inputs are within the same range as those read from
the potentiometer i.e. between 1 and
255.
Fig. 13 „Object configuration –
Timer POT” window.
Note: Time value can
be changed in Setting window
Object configuration for Counter
output
The following parameters: number 1..8 and operands: CU, CD,
R can be selected for Counter (C) output.
Fig. 14. „Object configuration – Counter”
window.
If
the option Use “L” – Pot is selected the clock multiplier
and the value set by the potentiometer are used for counting by the
Counter. According to the example below, for the multiplier x1 the
value to be counted can be set within the range 1s...255s
((1-255)x1s).
Fig. 15. „Object configuration – POT Counter”
window.
If
the option Use “L” – AI7 or AI8 is selected the clock
multiplier and the value read from the I7 (or I8 for AI8) analogue
input are used for counting by the Counter. Values read from the
analogue inputs are within the same range as those read from the
potentiometer i.e. between 1 and
255
Note:
Value to be counted can be changed in Setting
window.
Changing
the input type
Left-click the object
cell to be changed (I1). Right-click to open the drop-down menu and
select the object type (H) and contact type (NO or
NC).Confirm the selection by clicking the left
mouse button.
Fig. 16. Input type change.
Changing
the output type
Left-click the object
cell to be changed. Right-click to open the drop-down menu and
select the new type (M).
Confirm the selection by clicking the left mouse
button.
Fig. 17. Output type
change.
LAD
Program
Following the above rules a program can be created as shown
in Fig. 18 (below).
Fig. 18. Program in LAD.
The Program2 file is linked to the
“Settings” window (Program2.ldn) which is necessary to
configure elements such as Timer, Clock, Counter, Comparator,
Remanence and Input
delay.
Values for Timers and Counters entered in the Settings are visible
in the LAD diagram.